Tianjin Industrial Clusters :: essays research papers

Modern Clusters in Tianjin Area About Industrial Clusters†¦ These days, showcase rivalry is step by step changing from comptetition between ventures to rivalry between esteem chains and even rivalry between mechanical bunches. The advancement of modern bunches is a social procedure changing from creation of Ford type to specific creation. State claimed endeavors help out remote organizations, together to bring down expenses and improve advertise response to become overall serious. Mechanical Clusters in Tianjin Variables that have set off the improvement Tianjin to turn into an Industrial Cluster: 1.     Development of state possessed ventures as establishment. 2.     Large number of existent prepared gifted modern specialized laborers. 3.     Created assembling industry culture. 4.     Created mechanical climate and institutional condition. Measures that should be taken to move Tianjin to a superior overall position: 1.     Government ought to advance examination and collaboration with colleges and make research establishments. 2.     Improve foundation to draw in laborforce and worldwide administration. 3.     Reform state possessed organizations, and law outline. 4.     Strive toward a â€Å"Made in China† name. Review of the 4 fundamental significant Industrial Clusters: Electronic Information Remarks:â â â â â -High LQ, (LQ =Location Quote, similar bit of leeway standards of a specific industry in a specific area)  â â â â -Mostly remote possessed. (USA, Korea, Japan Taiwan)  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â -Very great collaboration between organizations along the gracefully chain. Major Players:          Motorola (63% of deals). Principle Problems:â â â â â -Mostly remote organizations prompts finances reliance (90% outside, national normal 73%. - State claimed organizations have little scope, inadequate venture, slow speed advancement, frail serious force, mind channel and need inward inspiration power. - R&D communication between organizations, colleges and examination foundations are absent.  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Green Battery Remarks:â â â â â â â â â â -Research, Development, Production Leader in China  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â -Strong participation with Universties  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â -Extense assortment of items, Li-on, Ni-MH, Amorphic Silicon batteries. Significant Players:  â â â â â â â â â -Sanyo, Ltd Peace Bay Power, Tianjin Lishen Battery Ltd, Lantian Power. Principle Problems:â â â â â â â â â â -Industrial Chain needs further improvement  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â -Lack of advancement because of deficient R&D looked at around the world  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â -High level of computerization, however low level of adaptability  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â -Fewer kinds of items, significant expenses and moderate speed to address showcase issues. Autos Remarks:â â â â â -High Tax rate on imported autos has advanced the foundation of Auto Makers.  â â â â -Almost 100% reliant on Foreign assets  â â â â -Rapid market request development prompts push the advancement of the Auto Industry.  â â â â -Since China enter the WTO acquisitions and mergers have been extremely unique in this branch.  â â â â -More than 700 remote subsidized organizations make car extras in China. Significant Players:  â â â â -Toyota, Tianjin Automobile Group (in excess of 50 little and medium undertakings), FAW Group

Revolution in Cosmology Resolves Dispute over Universes Age Essay

Upset in Cosmology Resolves Dispute over Universe's Age Just shy of seven years prior, cosmologists utilizing the Hubble space telescope introduced results they trusted would help answer one of the most combative issues in cosmology of the twentieth century †the subject of the separation size of the universe. Yet, there was some disquiet when the outcome was reported. As indicated by the report, different universes were close enough that, extrapolating in reverse from their present pace of downturn and making changes for the impact of gravity, they the sum total of what might have been together (that is, the Big Bang would have happened) as of late as 8 billion years back. Shockingly, there was solid proof as of now set up that a few stars were at any rate 12-15 billion years of age †clearly originating before the root of the universe itself! While these two profoundly hopeless qualities for the universe's age unquestionably represented a genuine test to cosmologists, most essentially accepted that better estimations would put the separation downsize in accordance with the more established age. What nobody expected is that goals to this issue would lie not in remedied estimations however an unrest in cosmology, and the obvious revelation of what adds up to a secretive new embodiment of the universe †a fifth component that covers up in vacuum and drives the development of the universe. The logical investigation of the age and starting point of the universe is personally connected with the estimations of extragalactic separation, and thusly the science didn't exist until estimation strategies exact to such scales were created. Separation estimation has consistently been hard for stargazers †until the 1800s, nobody knew even the separation to the closest star (other than the Sun), and th... ...pressure and an entire host of other peculiar properties that gravitationally repulse all encompassing space, extending the universe without any physical substance. Besides, by growing the universe, progressively void space is made, making significantly more antigravitational power and causing the universe to extend ever quicker, prompting a runaway extension that will in the long run come full circle in the weakening of all staying issue into nothingness. Also, in this lies the answer for the long-standing age issue. On the off chance that the universe's development is continually getting quicker, it more likely than not been more slow before, pushing the age of the universe upward to around 13 billion years, directly in accordance with the times of stars. So with no significant correction to the separation to close by worlds or the periods of stars, the subject of the genuine age of the universe has been understood in a manner nobody anticipated.

Second-year student reflections COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Second-year student reflections COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Columbia Universitys campus-wide graduation exercises are today, and tomorrow our Class of 2016 Seeples will officially graduate at our own ceremony. Everyone at the Office of Admissions Financial Aid are particularly  sad to say goodbye to our PAs and Admissions Ambassadors, but were thrilled to know they will be going on to do some amazing things. So today, we dedicate this blog post to all of them, and want to reflect on everything theyve already accomplished in the last two years alone. Heres a look at what three of our Seeples two Admissions Ambassadors and one PA have been up to over the last (roughly) 730 days. Did anyone else shed a few tears? Nojust me?

Effective Leadership Style on Groupthink Essay example

Introduction A leader is the key element that affects the overall group’s success by inspiring members to collaborate to achieve a common goal. The approach that the leader takes to lead a group (i.e., leadership style) plays a significant role in group decision-making process and decision quality. Effective leadership encourages members’ participation in decision-making process, and promotes cooperation and motivation among group members. On the other hand, ineffective leadership, which lacks impartiality, can be a great risk factor for groupthink; a phenomenon refers to poor decision process and decision quality (Chapman, 2006). Groupthink is undesirable for groups because it is detrimental to group development. In order to demonstrate†¦show more content†¦Effective decision-making process is possible only when an impartial leader leads the group and encourages participation, collaboration and collective decision-making. Leadership Style: Authoritarian vs. Participative Leadership According to the leadership theory by Kurt Lewin (1939), there are different leadership styles that affect group dynamics such as decision-making, effectiveness of group work, communication, collaboration, and etc. The two of leadership styles, authoritarian and participative, are highly related to the concept of groupthink. Groups with autocratic leaders who promote their preferred solutions are more likely to fall into groupthink than groups with non-promotional leaders (i.e. democratic and impartial) (Ahlfinger Esser, 2001). In other words, groups led by controlling leaders who fail to encourage participation of group members in decision-making process would produce symptoms of groupthink and poor quality of decisions. On the other hand, groups with democratic leaders who make decisions by consulting with the group members while still maintaining control of the group are guarded against groupthink (Kearney Gebert, 2009 ). So allowing greater input from group members protects groups from making faulty irrational decisions and encourages open discussion and critical appraisal. Authoritarian Leadership (Autocratic) In authoritarian leadership, the leaders make the decisions without the involvement or input of the group members. MakingShow MoreRelatedAdvantages And Disadvantages Of A Team Vs Teamthink1261 Words   |  6 PagesGroupthink and/or Teamthink, which one is the best choice for your company? This paper will take a look at the process of evolving a group into a team and the importance of organizational culture in the process. We will take a look at appropriate leadership styles that would be most effective for managing a group or a team, also taking into consideration multicultural teams. Finally, we will point out some of the advantages and disadvantages of having groups or teams. Let’s begin by providing aRead MoreEssay on Leadership Reflections: Aspects of Dysfunctional Leadership1520 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership Reflections: Aspects of Dysfunctional Leadership Based on assigned readings (ORG515 Module 3), this journal entry reflects on three prevalent forms of dysfunctional leadership (Vecchio, 2007) that potentially impact the author’s effectiveness as a leader – groupthink, aversive behavior, and destructive narcissism. Proceeding from a definitional overview, the discussion identifies aspects of these dysfunctional behaviors that are relevant to the author. This entry then considers appropriateRead MoreThe Post Bureaucratic Era Of The Columbian And The Challenger Accident Incurred By Nasa1520 Words   |  7 Pagespost-bureaucratic era has seen the augmentation of leadership practices cultivating business sustainability from a pecuniary model to an ecological modernised ideology. Although, such dynamic contribution to business dogma has transformed neo-classical principles. Thus, exemplifying it as a â€Å"hybrid† form of economic â€Å"bureaucratic† growth and â€Å"Weberian† social and environmental rational (Clegg and Courpasson 2004: pg; 527). In this essay, I argue that post-bureaucratic leadership practices contribute to managing sustainabilityRead MoreHow Do We Manage Groups And Teams?1335 Words   |  6 Pageswith leadership style models are those who are: commanding – these individuals likes to dictate, always want a person to do what they say, next you should have a vision, Affiliative – focus on emotional needs, democratic- is when people listen to both the bad and good news, pacesetting- is when an individual build ways a person can challenge each other and set goals for an individual, finally – coaching is when an individual help people find its strength and weakness. (Using six leadership stylesRead MoreEssential Tools to Deal with Resistance to Change Essay1157 Words   |  5 Pagesimplementation process, but there are tools available which leaders can utilize to reduce this possibility. The essential tools will be discussed in this paper a long with the reasons for utilizing them in a change implementation process. Adaptive Leadership Overcoming resistance is not just about changing the employee’s perception or behavior regarding the change. It is also about the leader’s behavior and the challenge as a change leader or change agent. An essential tool that leaders should utilizeRead MoreDeveloping A Global Society With Interlocking Values, And Goals Essay1229 Words   |  5 Pagesfirst stage may cause duration, the time process may be reduced when a leader acts as a binder. The storming stage is the intragroup conflict, members test the ability of leaders as well self, and the other participating members. It’s possible that leadership roles may be eliminated when positions are irrelevant in the group culture. The norming phase is perhaps one of the most fulfilling and important stages, since members develop a shared focus. This allows the group to progress to the phase of performanceRead MoreA Reinforcement Of Leadership Practices Essay1722 Words   |  7 PagesA reinforcement of leadershi p practices in the post-bureaucratic era has refined business management sustainability from a monetary model to an environmental ideal. However, immense contribution to business notions has renewed neo-classical principles. Therefore, highlights a â€Å"hybrid† practice of the â€Å"Weberian† ecology and pecuniary â€Å"bureaucratic† advancements. (Clegg and Courpassan 2004: pg.; 527). In this essay, I discuss that post-bureaucratic leadership practices to an extent has contributedRead MoreLeadership Styles Of The Marine Corps1713 Words   |  7 PagesThe majority of my experience dealing with leadership in the Marine Corps had been both positive and negative. It always seemed like the great leaders that I did have the pleasure of following never had the chance to survive due to their power hungry superiors. We are all able to learn from the mistakes and success from all styles of leadership. What I am learning from this course is that each style of leadership can work depending on the type of organization. I try to imagine and embrace the thoughtRead MoreLeadership And Group Dynamics Between The American Corporate World And The Us Army3235 Words   |  13 Pagesinforming them on the military knowledge they can apply. In both environments, it is indisputable that leadership and interactions within groups are crucial to success. Therefore, this paper specifically examines the similarities in leadership and group dynamics between the American corporate world and the US army. While the discipline of business administration helps examine leadership styles, psychology is essential to the study of group dynamics. Under the umbrella of business administrationRead MoreMt Everest Simulation3700 Words   |  15 PagesMt. Everest Simulation- Personal Reflection Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction to Mount Everest team and Leadership simulation 2 2.0 Our Team Process Efficacy 3 2.1 The role of the leader 3 2.2 Psychological Safety 5 2.3 Group Thinking 7 3.0 Conclusions 8 4.0 Reference 9 1.0 Introduction to Mount Everest team and Leadership simulation Climbing Mount Everest is a dangerous undertaking, a Herculean task fraught with difficulties, danger, complexities and volatile

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1398 Words

â€Å"To do two things at once is to do neither†(Syrus). As Publilius Syrus suggests, in an age where multitasking is more common than the ideals concencentration, it is important to reconsider the capabilities of man. The idea of taking on multiple tasks underlines man’s capabilities in that it often gears the mind in two opposite directions with equal power. In this regard, though it may seem efficient, it is actually vile for man to attempt to sustain multiple projects that gear toward opposite directions. This idea is confirmed by F. Scott Fitzgeralds’ The Great Gatsby, a novel in which the protagonist Jay Gatsby illustrates why man isn’t capable of taking on two equal and opposite projects at the same time. Gatsby fails to conquer Daisy†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"They’re a rotten crowd,† I shouted across the lawn. â€Å"You’re worth the whole damn bunch put together†(Fitzgerald 154). Far beyond hierarchy, there i s character. Gatsby, well known for his reserved nature doesn’t fit into the life of Daisy Buchanan. She is a â€Å"rotten†, careless woman and as Nick points out Gatsby is something else. He is full of heart. He is a thoughtful person who associated himself better with the lower class than the upper class. Gatsby’s only fault is that he is torn by the power of the upper class while trying to obtain Daisy. In much the same manner, Gatsby later shows off how his character is impossible to hide despite his wealth. As he wishes to meet up with Daisy again, he refuses to employ his power to seek her. Jordan reveals the cause of her surprise earlier, â€Å"It was that night he sent got me at his dance, and you should have hear the elaborate way he worked up to it. Of course I immediately suggested a luncheon in New York-and I thought he’d go mad: â€Å"I don’t want to do anything out of the way! he kept saying, ‘I want to see her right next do or.’(Fitzgerald 79). Gatsby is powerful person, he gets what he wants, when he wants it. One thing is clear though, he doesn’t think the same way as the rest of his fellow high-class friends. He doesn’t stand for any drama, or attention from people, but rather he remains the same introverted person who hopes to find Daisy in a private manner. Gatsby doesn’t

Assessing what appears to be the use of LAMP in Eduardo Gamarra’s CVA Free Essays

In January 2003, Eduardo Gamarra and his research team set out to lend their professional and academic expertise in mitigating the probable causes of Bolivian conflicts through the Conflict Vulnerability Assessment or CVA of Bolivia (Gamarra, 2003, p. 1). Assessing the possible causes of conflicts in Bolivia will stop the ongoing threats to countrywide instability. We will write a custom essay sample on Assessing what appears to be the use of LAMP in Eduardo Gamarra’s CVA or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Bolivian instability may have started and peeked during the 2002 elections where parties started to clamor for position by entering into party coalitions; due to this, the majority vote that should have been echoed as the Bolivian democracy has been counterproductive to insure the satisfaction of party coalition based interests (Gamarra, 2003, p. 4). Through the CVA, Gamarra deems that it is possible to predict possible events that could turn into violent confrontations by taking into account the premises set by the present Bolivian political landscape. In relation to the main objectives of this research paper, Eduardo Gamarra’s preemptive and predictive research to address future Bolivian conflicts will be assessed through the methodology that Gamarra employed in his research. As of this point, Gamarra’s CVA appears to employ predictive methodologies in its attempts to prevent the occurrence of violent confrontations in Bolivia. Furthermore, CVA appears to follow conventions of predictive research such as those prescribed in LAMP. As the center of this research paper, Lockwood Analytical Method of Prediction (LAMP) is one of the widely used predictive research methodologies (LAMP, 2010, p. n. pag. ). This methodology offers a new methodological approach from the conventional quantity based projections in predictive researches (LAMP, 2010, p. n. pag. ). LAMP can be assumed as the methodology used by Gamarra in CVA since CVA is also highly predictive in terms of its generalizations. This research paper will assess whether Gamarra’s CVA as a predictive work follows the guidelines set by LAMP. By qualifying the CVA parts and foci with the twelve steps prescribed in LAMP, this paper seeks to fulfill its objective and deems that a definitive conclusion is possible to arrive at. Gamarra as a follower of LAMP as seen in his CVA To conclusively qualify whether Gamarra used the LAMP method in writing the CVA would require the tedious work of identifying whether the part of the LAMP are present in the CVA. This task is impeded by the fact that the final format of the CVA does not have the same labels as the LAMP; at least not as blatant. However, the idea that Gamarra used the LAMP in his CVA can be seen through the parts that his CVA put so much attention on (which follows LAMP prescriptions). These parts appears to have been presented in the CVA; these parts entails almost fifty percent accordance to the prescribe methodology in LAMP. In the whole CVA, the issue that holds the most bearing is the mitigation and prevention of conflicts in Bolivia. Gamarra and his team was more than solid in reiterating that the CVA will focus on Bolivia as a conflict prone country. This is the reason why Gamarra and his team spent a lot of time in trying to predict the possibilities of the occurrence of conflicts. Through the extensive research facts presented in the paper, it can even be said that the whole CVA seeks to answer one primary question, â€Å"What are the probable reasons that would cause conflicts to arise in Bolivia? † The CVA tried to find the answer for this question by grouping the conflicts in Bolivia in five major classifications, institutional, economic, land, coca/cocaine, and citizen and public security (Gamarra, 2003, p. 4). In the CVA, Gamarra and his team identified two major actors that can very much affect the outcome of the conflict resolution and mitigation in Bolivia- government and opposition. The MNR or Nationalist Revolutionary Movement represents the government; while the MAS or Movimiento al Socialismo leads the opposition. CVA attributed that these parties are the main actors in the Bolivian politics and conflicts. Misunderstandings and apathy between these two parties can easily translate the strong political divide to violent confrontations (Gamarra, 2003, p. 4). However, the CVA did not dismiss the possibility that the 2002 elections can also improve the conflict situation through these parties (Gamarra, 2003, p. 4). The government and the opposition perceive the issues of conflict in terms of their participations on the issues. The government side pride themselves in terms of the international economic and security support it has (Gamarra, 2003, p. 6). On the other hand, the opposition takes pride in the intermediation they are able to contribute to the conflict resolution process (Gamarra, 2003, p. 6). In the CVA Gamarra and his team provided contextualizing facts that would put the MAS led opposition and MNR led government in their places in the conflict situation. This attempt can be seen with the graphical representation that Gamarra and his team presented to show the divided opinions of the national actors regarding the appropriate type of government in Bolivia (Gamarra, 2003, p. 14). Gamarra further contextualized the conflicts in terms of the partisan opinion in considering the plausibility of military uprising (coup d’etat) in installing new types of government that parties see as more fitting to Bolivia (Gamarra, 2003, p. 12). Even if Gamarra and his team are loyal to LAMP in these parts of CVA, there are other parts of CVA that show that the CVA was not exclusively written through LAMP. The Contradictions, Shortcomings and Disloyalties of CVA to LAMP As said earlier, the CVA appears to be written through the LAMP; this can hold for the almost fifty percent of the CVA. However, in terms of the data gathering and presentation part of the CVA Gamarra and his team took a different path apart from LAMP. This claim can be supported with the different formulation of the conflict scenarios in the CVA when compared to the LAMP. In LAMP, the permutations of the alternative futures (z) follow a strict formula XY=Z that is determined by the number of actors (x) and the numbers of major scenarios (y) (LAMP, 2010, p. n. pag. ). The formula basis of LAMP insures uniformity in terms of the numbers of scenarios that would be required in predicting through certain national actors. In the CVA there are five major scenarios provided (counter narcotics, political institutions, citizen and public security, economic arena and land ownership). Raising the two identified actors by the five major scenarios will require thirty-two scenarios. On the other hand, the CVA was only able to provide 16 scenarios under the five major scenarios. Another shortcoming of the CVA was its failure to conduct proper pair wise comparison among the scenarios; this resulted to different scenarios provided under the five major scenarios. The scenarios of citizen and public security have four scenarios as compared to the three scenarios of all of the remaining major scenarios (counter- narcotics, political institutions, economic arena and land ownership. Due to the absence of a pair wise comparing mechanism, the CVA also lacks the qualifications of probabilities that are determined through â€Å"votes† from comparing pair wise. These characteristics of the CVA deviated by twenty- five percent from the total twelve steps prescribed in LAMP. On the other hand, CVA delivered the remaining twenty-five percent of LAMP in accordance to the prescriptions of LAMP. Gamarra and his team provided the needed information to establish consequential analysis, which the step 9 of LAMP prescribed. The steps 10, 11 and 12 are also included in the CVA through the imaginative conclusion presented in the CVA. The high dependency rate of the Gamarra and his team’s conclusion with the numbers presented by the graphical representations follow the predictive nature of LAMP. Conclusion and Recommendations Taking into account all of the investigations presented in this research paper it can be concluded that the Conflict Vulnerability Assessment of Bolivia is a hybrid research in terms of the methodologies it employed. The seventy five percent of the CVA was written in accordance with LAMP, but the twenty five percent of CVA does not coincide with the quantitative requirements of LAMP. The difference between LAMP and the methodology employed in CVA does not imply that the CVA is a failed predictive research. CVA’s use of different methods only show the flexibility that Gamarra and his team sought to establish in the CVA. Given this conclusion, this paper would recommend improvements for the two major aspects of the CVA- structure and methodology. It is recommendable that the CVA would use a paper structure or format that is more accessible in answering specific aspects of predictive research. The current arrangement of the CVA tends to make the issue of Bolivian conflict too broad to discuss and even solve. The discussions without the recommended segmentation appear not only to be reiterating but also to be too general since the reference focal points overlap each other (as seen in the presentation of the scenarios). On the other hand, the methodology employed with the CVA appears to be improvable in terms of making the quantitative aspect of the methodology isolated and only catered as additional empirical references. A qualitative research method is probably more fitting to the undeniable culture sensitive and politics laden conflicts in Bolivia. Eduardo Gamarra and his team could have broken away from the conventions of quantitative predictive research by providing more vivid narrative accounts of the current and predicted conflict situations instead of standing on the methodological position of LAMP. The quantitative elaborateness in LAMP makes the quantitative shortcomings in CVA either half-truths or irrelevant; both probabilities could have avoided if the CVA was treated as a qualitative research. Bibliography Gamarra, E. A. (2003). Conflict Vulnerability Assessment Bolivia. Retrieved August 5, 2010, from www. digitalcommons. flu. edu: http://digitalcommons. fiu. edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi? article=1002context=laccwps LAMP. (2010). The Application of LAMP. Retrieved August 5, 2010, from www. lamp-method. org: http://www. lamp-method. org/2. html How to cite Assessing what appears to be the use of LAMP in Eduardo Gamarra’s CVA, Papers

Martin Luther A Biography Of Martin Luther (1483

Martin Luther: A Biography Of Martin Luther (1483-1546) Essay Luther was born in Eisleben, Germany, the son of Hans Luther, who worked in the copper mines, and his wife Margarethe. He went to school at Magdeburg and Eisenach, and entered the University of Erfurt in 1501, graduating with a BA in 1502 and an MA in 1505. His father wished him to be a lawyer, but Luther was drawn to the study of the scriptures, and spent three years in the Augustinian monastery at Erfurt. In 1507 he was ordained a priest, and went to the University of Wittenberg, where he lectured on philosophy and the Scriptures, becoming a powerful and influential preacher. On a mission to Rome in 151011 he was appalled by the corruption he found there. Money was greatly needed at the time for the rebuilding of St. Peters, and papal emissaries sought everywhere to raise funds by the sale of indulgences. The system was grossly abused, and Luthers indignation at the shameless traffic, carried on in particular by the Dominican Johann Tetzel, became irrepressible. As professor of biblical exegesis at Wittenberg (151246), he began to preach the doctrine of salvation by faith rather than works; and on 31 October 1517 drew up a list of 95 theses on indulgences denying the pope any right to forgive sins, and nailed them on the church door at Wittenberg. Tetzel retreated from Saxony to Frankfurt-an-der-Oder, where he published a set of counter-theses and burnt Luthers. The Wittenberg students retaliated by burning Tetzels, and in 1518 Luther was joined in his views by Melanchthon. The pope, Leo X, at first took little notice of this disturbance, but in 1518 summoned Luther to Rome to answer for his theses. His university and the elector interfered, and ineffective negotiations were undertaken by Cardinal Cajetan and by Miltitz, envoy of the pope to the Saxon court. The scholar Johann Eck and Luther held a memorable disputation at Leipzig (1519); and Luther began to attack the papal system more boldly. In 1520 he published his famous address An den christlichen Adel deutscher Nation (Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation), followed by a treatise De captivitate Babylonica ecclesiae praeludium (A Prelude concerning the Babylonian Captivity of the Church), which also attacked the doctrinal system of the Church of Rome. A papal bull containing 41 theses was issued against him. He burned it before a multitude of doctors, students, and citizens in Wittenberg. He was excommunicated, and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, convened the first Diet at Worms in 1521, before which Luther was called to retract his teachings. Luther refused to relent. An order was issued for the destruction of his books, and he was put under the ban of the Empire. On his return from Worms he was seized, at the instigation of the elector of Saxony, and lodged (for his own protection) in the Wartburg, the electors fortress. During the year he spent there, he translated the Scriptures and composed his cogent controversial treatise, Refutation of the Argument of Latomus. Civil unrest called Luther back to Wittenberg in 1522. He rebuked the unruly elements, and made a stand against lawlessness on the one hand, and tyranny on the other. In the same year Luther published his acrimonious reply to Henry VIIIs attack on him in Assertio septem sacramentorum adversus Martinum Lutherum (1521) about the nature of the seven sacraments. A divergence had gradually taken place also between the views of the Humanist scholar Erasmus and Luther. There was an open breach in 1525, when Erasmus published De libero arbitrio (1524, Discourse on Free Will), and Luther followed with De Servo arbitrio (Concerning the Bondage of Will). .u0e440713a5d78fc2782325d665c12262 , .u0e440713a5d78fc2782325d665c12262 .postImageUrl , .u0e440713a5d78fc2782325d665c12262 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0e440713a5d78fc2782325d665c12262 , .u0e440713a5d78fc2782325d665c12262:hover , .u0e440713a5d78fc2782325d665c12262:visited , .u0e440713a5d78fc2782325d665c12262:active { border:0!important; } .u0e440713a5d78fc2782325d665c12262 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0e440713a5d78fc2782325d665c12262 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0e440713a5d78fc2782325d665c12262:active , .u0e440713a5d78fc2782325d665c12262:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0e440713a5d78fc2782325d665c12262 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0e440713a5d78fc2782325d665c12262 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0e440713a5d78fc2782325d665c12262 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0e440713a5d78fc2782325d665c12262 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0e440713a5d78fc2782325d665c12262:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0e440713a5d78fc2782325d665c12262 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0e440713a5d78fc2782325d665c12262 .u0e440713a5d78fc2782325d665c12262-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0e440713a5d78fc2782325d665c12262:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The North American Frontier Contributed Greatly To Todays Essay In the same year he married Katherine von Bora, a nun who had withdrawn from convent life. In 1529 he engaged with the controversial question of transubstantiation in the famous conference at Marburg with Zwingli and other Swiss theologians; he obstinately maintained his view that Christ is present in the bread and wine of the Eucharist. The drawing up of his theological views in the Augsburg Confession (1530) by Melanchthon, ably representing Luther at the Diet of Augsburg, marks the culmination of the German Reformation. Luther died in Eisleben, and was buried at Wittenberg. Endowed with broad human sympathies, massive energy, manly and affectionate simplicity, and a rich, if sometimes coarse, humour, he was undoubtedly a spiritual genius. His intuitions of divine truth were bold, vivid, and penetrating, if not necessarily philosophical and comprehensive; and he possessed the power of kindling other souls with the fire of his own convictions. His voluminous works include Von den guten Wercken (1520, Of Good Works), and Widder die hymelischen Propheten von den Bildern und Sacrament.

The effect of Polymers on environment Vs Glass

Gerald Ford Family Tree - Ancestry and Genealogy

Gerald Ford Family Tree - Ancestry and Genealogy President Gerald Rudolph Ford was born Leslie Lynch King, Jr. on 14 July 1913, in Omaha, Nebraska. His parents, Leslie Lynch King and Dorothy Ayer Gardner, separated shortly after the birth of their son and were divorced in Omaha, Nebraska on 19 December 1913. In 1917, Dorothy married Gerald R. Ford in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The Fords began calling Leslie by the name Gerald Rudolff Ford, Jr., although his name wasnt legally changed until December 3, 1935 (he also changed the spelling of his middle name). Gerald Ford Jr. grew up in Grand Rapids, Michigan, with his younger half-brothers, Thomas, Richard and James. Gerald Ford Jr. was a star lineman for the University of Michigan Wolverines football team, playing center for national championship teams in 1932 and 1933. After he graduated from Michigan in 1935 with a B.A. degree, he turned down several offers to play professional football, instead opting for an assistant coachs position while studying law at Yale University. Gerald Ford eventually became a member of Congress, Vice President, and the only President not elected to the office. He is also the longest living ex-president in American history, dying at age 93 on 26 December 2006. Tips for Reading This Family Tree First Generation: 1. Leslie Lynch King Jr. (aka Gerald R. Ford, Jr.) was born on 14 July 1913, in Omaha, Nebraska and died on 26 December 2006 at his home in Rancho Mirage, California. Gerald Ford, Jr. married Elizabeth Betty Anne Bloomer Warren on 15 October 1948 at Grace Episcopal Church, Grand Rapids, Michigan. They had several children: Michael Gerald Ford, born 14 March 1950; John Jack Gardner Ford, born 16 March 1952; Steven Meigs Ford, born 19 May 1956; and Susan Elizabeth Ford, born 6 July 1957.   Second Generation (Parents): 2. Leslie Lynch KING (Gerald Ford Jr.s father) was born on 25 July 1884 in Chadron, Dawes County, Nebraska. He married twice - first to President Fords mother, and later in 1919 to Margaret Atwood in Reno, Nevada. Leslie L. King, Sr. died on 18 February 1941 in Tucson, Arizona and is buried in Forest Lawn Cemetery, Glendale, California. 3. Dorothy Ayer GARDNER was born on 27 February 1892 in Harvard, McHenry County, Illinois. After her divorce from Leslie King, she married Gerald R. Ford (b. 9 December 1889), son of George R. Ford and Zana F. Pixley, on 1 February 1917 in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Dorothy Gardner Ford died 17 September 1967 in Grand Rapids, and is buried with her second husband in Woodlawn Cemetery, Grand Rapids, Michigan. Leslie Lynch KING and Dorothy Ayer GARDNER were married on 7 September 1912 at Christ Church, Harvard, McHenry County, Illinois and had the following children: 1 i. Leslie Lynch KING, Jr.Third Generation (Grandparents):4. Charles Henry KING was born on 12 March 1853 in Perry Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. He died on 27 February 1930 in Los Angeles, California and is buried with his wife in Forest Lawn Cemetery, Glendale, California.5. Martha Alice Porter was born 17 November 1854 in Indiana and died on 14 July 1930 in Glendale, Los Angeles Co., California. She is buried with her husband in Forest Lawn Cemetery of that county.Charles Henry KING and Martha Alicia PORTER were married after 2 June 1882 in Cook County, Illinois and had the following children:i. Gertrude M. KING was born abt. 1881 in Illinois (married Robert H. Knittle)ii. Charles B. KING was born abt. September 1882 in Chadron, Dawes Co., Nebraska2. iii. Leslie Lynch KINGiv. Savilla KING was born abt. September 1885 in Chadron, Dawes Co., Nebraska (married Edward Pettis)v. Marietta H. KING was born abt. July 1895 in Chadron, Dawes Co., Nebraska (married Giles Vernon Kel logg)6. Levi Addison GARDNER was born on 24 April 1861 at Solon Mills, McHenry County, Illinois. He died on 9 May 1916 in Grand Rapids, Michigan.7. Adele Augusta Ayer was born on 2 July 1867 in Youngstown, Mahoning County, Ohio and died on 10 August 1938 in Los Angeles, California.Levi Addison GARDNER and Adele Augusta AYER were married on 23 October 1884 in Harvard, McHenry County, Illinois and had the following children:3. i. Dorothy Ayer GARDNERii Tannisse Ayer GARDNER was born 4 March 1887 in Harvard, Illinois. She married Clarence Haskins James on 5 September 1908 in Harvard, Illinois and died on 14 April 1942.

Why is there suffering in the world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why is there suffering in the world - Essay Example (Craig 2) Therefore, atheist philosophers assume that God does not exist; otherwise he would stop all kinds of evils and sufferings in this world. In this regard William Craig comments, â€Å"there’s no reason to think that God and evil are logically incompatible. There’s no explicit contradiction between them† (2). Indeed by doing so they ultimately defy the very essence of a man, ‘freewill’. If God would act according to the claim of an atheist and had He stopped a tyrant who brings down sufferings upon others, He would have to seize that tyrant’s freedoms to act, to talk and even to think. Therefore, in a sense, by provoking God to stop sufferings that have induced by a tyrant, an atheist wants to seize ‘freewill’ the essence of being a man. Then an atheist may ask why God does not stop sufferings caused by natural disasters like earthquakes, Tsunami, etc. Here again the atheists fail to evaluate the role of sufferings in God’s world. According to their claim, if God should make the world free of sufferings from natural disasters, He also should make it easy in the fullest sense. But obviously a theist will object to the idea of a hunger-free or pain-free world, since a hunger or pain-free world is, in some way or other, inert. In this suffering-free inert world, no one needs to work, to create good relationship, to talk, or to interact with others, since man is then self-sufficient. In such world, the ‘good’ or comfort is absolutely meaningless, as suffering or evil itself is meaningless. Again a theist will necessarily argue that when an atheist wants God to make the world free of sufferings, he or she wants a meaningless and inert world. Indeed the question that necessarily arises here is: â€Å"What does the Bible says about the role of suffering in this world?† The Bible says, â€Å"[man] means

Marie and Pierre Curie Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marie and Pierre Curie - Article Example On top of her educational shortcomings, Curie could not speak fluent French. All of her classes were in French. Instead of giving up, Curie began studying in order to succeed. She scrimped on her food rations, rarely eating meat. Curie also did not buy coal and had to put all her clothes on top of her for warmth. All of these sacrifices were made in order for Curie to receive an education. She did end up graduating at the top of her class in physics and mathematics. The lesson in this article is students today need to have the same drive as Curie. Students today have food, shelter, and warmth. Learning for them should be easier. Despite all the obstacles, Curie did the impossible and learned. This story should inspire all students. With hard work and dedication, every student can achieve their goals. The reason students are not achieving what Curie did is the lack of drive and focus. Students today do not want to work hard for their education. The only perspective of this woman I did not like was the treatment of her child. Curie got married and had a baby, but these events did not seem important to her. Physics and being in the lab was the most important thing in her life. The role of women at the time was to be married and have children. Curie was different, but did not fight against the system. She did what was expected. Thus the roles of wife and mother were not given 100%. Curie could have done

Who Were The Loyalists History Essay

Who Were The Loyalists History Essay The American Revolution was the leading cause of the Loyalists emigration from the United States to Canada. When the British Empire expanded their territory in Quebec, the American/British subjects in the colonies were heavily disappointed as they were looking to annex this interior themselves. Thus, in the year 1775, the Americans decided to revolt against the British Empire, and the American Revolution began with the battle of Lexington.  [1]  In the following year, in 1776, the 13 rebellious colonies announced their independence against the British. Nevertheless, it did not indicate that every colony had agreed to participate in this uprising. The British Empire was considered to be one of the most powerful nations in the world at the time due to their superior army and navy. As a result, many of the colonies (the Loyalists) refused to take part in arms against their opponent, choosing to remain loyal to them. Because they could no longer stay in their homeland, they decided t o leave the United States and migrate to Canada.  [2]  This paper will analyze who the Loyalists were, and discuss what their roles were in impacting Nova Scotia and the rest of Canada in the eighteenth and nineteenth century. There were various classes among the Loyalists; they included struggling backwoods farmers, merchants, and artisans.  [3]  There were many degrees of Loyalism in this conflict. Some desired to express their Loyalism to the British by taking certain actions such as fighting for the defeat of the revolution. They supported the British Empire by taking arms against the Americans. Whereas, there were those who chose not to fight and simply attempted to fit in to the new environment in the maritime of Canada. They represented approximately a quarter of the population during this period in the late eighteenth century (which was about 2 million).  [4]  Eventually, once they realized that the Americans started to take advantage against the British, many of these Loyalists began to believe that the revolution would be successful and they realized that they could no longer reside in America. Many of them, with the generals, decided to leave this land forever.  [5]  Some, however, d id not leave until 1783 when the peace treaty was made. Most non-assimilated Loyalists have made peace with the situation because of their families, farms, and other factors to take care of. In fact, there were about 50 000 people leaving as Loyalists some chose to return to Britain, Bermuda, and to the West Indies. About 30 000 of them chose to go to Nova Scotia, and about 7 000 have gone to Quebec.  [6]  The American Revolution has lasted for a long period of time; and by the end of it, in1780, there were Loyalists entering Quebec to what were essentially refugee camps.  [7]   Immediately following the American Revolution, Nova Scotia faced the initial brunt of Loyalist immigration. Initially, Nova Scotia was considered to be insignificant in the eyes of Britain, as the colony only had about 20,000 settlers. However, this has changed in1783, as its population have suddenly doubled with Loyalist immigration. These Loyalists were mostly consisted of highly aristocratic or upper class people. They have settled in the region in order to be closer to their contemporaries and families in Britain. About 14,000 of them have decided to settle along the Bay of Fundy into the St. John River region in 1783 alone.  [8]  Due to the sheer number of settlers in the region, it has led the British government to create the colony of New Brunswick in 1784. Furthermore, Nova Scotia and Cape Breton Island were splintered into two separate colonies in the same year. They were separated until 1820, when Cape Breton Island has rejoined Nova Scotia again.  [9]   While the majority of the Loyalists were Caucasians, most of these English-speaking settlers decided to settle in Nova Scotia and by doing this, they have developed the Upper Canadian region. Furthermore, they were not the only immigrants who were residing in Nova Scotia, as there were also Black settlers who previously  immigrated to the Maritimes as well.  [10]  Finally, the last group residing in the land were the Aboriginals who were  given land in Upper Canada for staying loyal to the British Empire during the American Revolution.  [11]   The British authorities in Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia were having problems with the sudden entry of Loyalists to the Maritimes. In the 1760s, the British officials had offered lands in both colonies to soldiers, couriers, and politicians and they have become the new landlords. In return, these new landlords were to promise to settle the lands with farmers in a way that was used in the Seigneurial system in New France. In 1783, the Britain government promised to give: one hundred acres of free land to every Loyalist household head; an additional 50 acres of free land for each extra family member; even more land for those who held a military rank. Furthermore, they also provided food rations for many years to the settlers in Nova Scotia. Additionally, tools and building materials were given to them for free to help clear out and settle their land.  [12]   However, the problem was that most Loyalists were inefficient at incorporating this system into good use and a great deal of these lands were unused even by the 1770s.  [13]  Furthermore, once a land title had been granted, the British government could not easily control how these now occupied lands were to be used for. This issue was especially more problematic in the Prince Edward Island region, as many of the landlords there were able to trick several hundred Loyalists into settle in their domain. These settlers were mostly either Scottish or Irish, and the landlords who were also from Ireland were able to attract the new immigrants easily.  [14]  They have convinced them by telling them that they will be allowed to stay as long as they want, as long as they have promised to clear the land and then build roads and buildings. However, the fact of the matter is that these landlords never intended to keep their promise. They simply wished these settlers would do all the hard work for them for no charge.  [15]  The solution was created only in 1873, the year when P.E.I had decided to join the Confederation. At that point, the new province followed the recommendation of the Land Commission of 1860 and enacted the Tenants Compensation Act of 1872.  [16]  This act had allowed compensation to be made available to those who could prove their Loyalist ancestors had been tricked by absentee landlords.  [17]  Absentee landlords in Nova Scotia and Cape Breton Island, on the other hand, simply did not bother to populate their land with new settlers at all. Thus, a land shortage crisis rose in the early 1780s, considering the massive influx of Loyalists coming into the region.  [18]  Unlike the situation in Prince Edward Island, however, the British government was able to immediately take some of this land back: about 2.5 million acres out of about 5.5 million acres in total.  [19]   The Irish were not the only ones who were tricked by the British government. During the 1870s, there were a significant number of Black Loyalist immigration movements. In fact, about 3,000 of them have moved into the British North American region this year, and most of them chose Nova Scotia to settle.  [20]  Some of the Black slaves in America have fought against the Patriots during the revolution, and to reward them, and convince more to fight for them, the British Crown had promised to give them freedom, equality and land to settle in the colonies.  [21]  Nevertheless, when these immigrants arrived from the newly created United States, the lands that were given to them as reward were either small or poor in quality in comparison to the lands that were given to the white Loyalists. Therefore, this caused many of the Black settlers to leave Nova Scotia, and find a new place to settle in.  [22]   Thomas Peters was a black Loyalist settler who was given permission to head to Britain in order to plead on the behalf of black immigrants in Nova Scotia. While the British were having problems with the complaints made by the citizens of Canada due to their inability to keep their promise, Peters met up with the Sierra Leone Company which was a land firm that was willing to provide Blacks with free land in Africa.  [23]  Ultimately, because of Peters action, many black settlers were able to leave Nova Scotia in the 1790s for search of a new opportunity and start a new life overseas in the new colony of Freetown at Sierra Leone. Some however, decided to stay behind and continue their lives in Nova Scotia since they felt their life there was content.  [24]  In fact, between 1790s and 1830s, the British government began to slowly start outlawing slavery in its colonies. Eventually, by 1833, slavery was finally abolished in all of British colonies. Nevertheless, this did not indi cate that prejudice and racism have disappeared in British North America for a lasting time.  [25]  Instead, it demonstrated that the Maritime region generally became a more tolerant and free place for black settlers to reside and live compared to the United States. In fact, the Americans have not outlawed slavery until 1865, which became the reason why some of the Black settlers decided to stay in Canada. Thanks to this new freedom, in Upper Canada during early to mid 1800s, it has attracted more and more fugitive slaves to enter during the period of the Underground Railroad.  [26]   The new arrival of Loyalists signified the beginning of English Canada. These new settlers, who had homes and farms back in their old homeland, had to start their lives anew in the new environment, as most of them deserted all of their possessions back in their old homes.  [27]  Furthermore, there was another problem, as the new region was untouched by civilization. Meaning, even though there was a vast amount of land, it mostly consisted of dense forests full of large trees and were considered to be useless. Therefore, they could not start farming, until they logged the regions trees and bushes. In fact, it was even difficult for these settlers to build even a cabin.  [28]  To make matters worse, most of them were no longer young. Thankfully, in the Upper Canadian region, the accidents of war and the revolution has brought a large amount of people who were experienced at settling; they were loyal to the Crown and most importantly, they understood how to start farming in an e nvironment they were not used to.  [29]  In addition, they were supported by the government, which has alleviated the difficulties of establishing the settlers.  [30]  Another significance that was made by the movement of Loyalists to Canada in the eighteenth century is that it has created dualism (French and English) within the nation. Before the movement, in the Quebec area, most of the settlers consisted of French speakers. However, this changed after 1783, when a significant number of English merchants migrated to the area; meaning, dualism has emerged in Quebec, which consisted of a large French majority and an English minority.  [31]  The impact on French Canada is very important as more and more English Loyalists came into what is now Ontario. In effect, it has also forced the government to reconsider the Quebec Act. Into the 1780s or 90s, there were even more immigrants coming into Ontario from the United States who were known as the Late Loyalists. They did not come for ideological reasons; but rather they decided to migrate for the search for better lands, as they were skilled pioneer farmers.  [32]   These Loyalists have affected Nova Scotia and Quebec to help Canada to develop into a nation that exists today. First, population growth was possible thanks to Loyalists, as many European settlers of all different kinds of social classes and races, including, farmers, merchants, both Black and White settlers, and even aristocrats (mostly Late Loyalists) have decided to move to Canada. Second, despite the fact that these Loyalists were used by the landlords who were misusing their authority that was given by the British government for their own benefit, their actions helped develop Canada as these new settlers have cleared out the useless lands and started farming in the region. Lastly, Loyalists have made bilingualism possible in Canada. In the beginning, the majority of settlers were French speakers and no English settlers were to be found. However, after the movement two different groups were formed in the nation.

Do You Think You Can Have A Great Leader Missing Either Trust Or Humility? Essay

One cannot have a great leader missing either trust or humility since the force of leadership nowadays is toward considering the leader as a developer, not a controller, of followers. The leadership assignment is developmental and integrative. The confront is to shape followers into an amalgamated, impartial whole competent of unrelenting supportive action. I find this assignment as substantial, that is, structural, or one can see it in the emotional or social contracts leaders and followers construct. A forever present, however frequently ignored, feature in the group and organizational relations is trust. If not followers consider assurance in the leader’s evenhandedness and trustworthiness, they will not carry on to go behind. (Martin, 1998) Leadership machinery can only function when trust among members in association is elevated. Trust can appreciably modify individual and organizational efficiency. It is trust more than authority or chain of command that in truth makes an organization work successfully. Trust is a decisive definitional constituent in defining contemporary leadership or customs that maintain effective leadership. Certainly, it is a vital component in all human relations. Every day living needs us to trust those around us. Organizations also need associates to trust each other in order to work, let single-handedly achieve superiority. (Sinner, 2005) Trust is precondition to any effort by the leader to change the organization’s culture. Vision setting and propagation relies on trust in the leader. Performing vision based plans needs trust. Trust is the prominent factor in finding efficiency in many relations. (Dees, 2004) Trust creates interpersonal recognition and honesty of expression easy. Mistrust suggests interpersonal denial and arouses suspicious behavior. Trusting behavior adds to one’s susceptibility to another in manners and in conditions in which the danger is greater than the possible outcome to the trusting person. References Dees H. Richard, (2004), Trust and Toleration. Routledge. New York. Martin M. Mirta, (1998), Trust Leadership. Journal of Leadership Studies. Volume: 5. Issue: 3. Sinner R. Von, (2005), Trust and Convivencia: Contributions to a Hermeneutics of Trust in Communal Interaction. The Ecumenical Review. Volume: 57. Issue: 3.

Sun Tzu Strategic Management

Sun Assignment 2. Strategic Management . School of Strategy. According to Synder and Neil H. (1982) in their journal called ‘Strategic Management Journal’ , The school of strategy definition of strategic planning that are offered by Henry Mintzberg in 1981 concludes that strategic planning is a process involving all components of planning that integrated decision making, structured procedure with articulate results, and specific tactical objectives that should be seen as a whole process. In the school of strategy, there are 10 school of thought, it is divided into two parts which are prescriptive and descriptive.The details of the strategy are shown below. Prescriptive schools : consist of 3 schools which are Design, Planning and Positioning. Descriptive schools : consist of 7 schools which are Entrepreneurial, Cognitive, Learning, Power, Cultural, Environmental and Configuration. Also, Written in article called â€Å" An Overview of Strategy Development Models and the Ward-RIvani Model’ by Dr. David Ward (2005). In year 1977 another guy came along which a set of strategy alongside Mitzberg that called Whittington.He claimed that there are four criteria that will determine a strategy success which are Deterministic or Emergent, Single Goal or Pluralistic, Strategy Style, and Influences. The Link between Prescriptive schools and Descriptive schools. From what i understand from both of this schools, prescriptive schools are the first step of strategy that needed to be done If we would like to do something. For example, If you want to open your own business, the first step would be the prescriptive school where you need to design what kind of business you would like to do, plan how to do your business (business plan) nd also how you position your business(where do you want your business to be). In the other hand , Descriptive schools of strategies are the strategies and skills that are needed to bring forward you prescriptive schools . Where a ll components of this strategy can effect your business. For example, any successful business need to have a leader who can lead the organization forward where what has been designed, plan , and positioned and to be a leader, strategy as entrepreneurship is essential. The Differences between Prescriptive schools and Descriptive schools.In Prescriptive schools, design and planning are the aim of a company â€Å" to fit organizational capability with environmental ability and to best allocate resources to achieve any chosen goals within a specific timeframe† and to make the aim a success, a proper positioning strategy needed to be done. All of theses examples often using strategies such as environmental analysis such as SWOT analysis (design), forecasting (planning), Market segment & five forces (positioning). Therefore, we would understand here that prescriptive schools are used to understand more about the market.For instance, in strategic management, prescriptive schools are often used to determine who is your target market, understanding your competitors, defining your opportunities, and also what kind of strategy that our company would like to execute properly to gain competitive advantage especially if you are doing business globally or growing your business internationally. In the other hand, Descriptive Schools are more of all the things that needed to be in order within a company or organisation to execute the strategy that has been choose.For example, even with a proper planning but without a proper team to execute it, it will be hard for any business to sustain even in the early stage while making business. Its consist of leader needed, networking we have, culture reflects , economic cycle, environmental circumtances, ethics , and also cognitive psychology. Which means that, in descriptive schools , it is all the components that a company or firm need to have in order to execute any strategy perfectly. How to Profeciently Execute any strategy w hen we already understand about the schools of strategy?In the world business nowadays, understanding the theoretical area of a strategy such as schools of strategy would not be enough to execute a perfect strategy. As had been stated by Gamble and Arthur (2009) in their book called ‘ Essentials of Strategic Management’ , They have stated that there are three elements that needed to be have in order to execute any strategy. The elements are shown below : Human Capital – Intangible assets such as skills, knowledge, and values that are required by the strategy. . Information Capital – Intangible assets such as the systems, databases, and networks that support the strategy. 3. Organizational Capital – Strategy supportive intangible assets such as leadership, alignment of goals, and teamwork. Whittington’s Classification of Strategic Perspective. According to Whittington(2002), in his book called ‘ What is Strategy and Does it Matterâ€℠¢ , increasing profits is the highest goal of business and rational planning needed if we want to attain it.Meanwhile, the strategic aim in business would be earning a return on capital, and if in any particular case the return in the long run is not enough, the deficiency should be corrected or the activity should be abandoned. To sum up the idea of whittington : Classical Approach of strategy. – a classical approach to any strategy requires that the manager must be ready and capable of adopting profit maximizing strategies through long term planning. Besides that there are three more example of approach that are shown below : Evolutionaty Approach of strategy. oes not rely on top management skill to plan and act rationally. Instead, it will all depend on the markets which will determine the profit maximization. Also, in evolutionary perspective, the best selected strategy will determine the performance of the company. Processual Approach to strategy. Organizations and marke ts are wrought with confusion and mess. Therefore, the best Processual method is not strive for the ideal, instead, it needed to work with the reality offers where micro-political view has implied that firms are not united towards a single goal such as profit.Besides that, it will be up on the number of individuals with different interest and bring them to the organization. The main strategy for this approach is to simplify all the complex processes. Systemic Approach on Strategy. – The theorist for this approach believe that the organization is capable of planning and acting effectively. All the social factors such as family, state, and religion influences the means and ends of a systemic approach and will define what is the suitable behavior for each of their members.In this approach, the organization are not just made up by an individuals but of social groups with interests. For instance, class and professions, nations and states, families and gender can be determine as th e systemic variables. Hence, the strategy will depends on the social environment of the firm. Based on four approach on strategy by Whittington, these four theories of action in business will offer us an insight into the motivation behind any companies vision and what are the strategies that the companies would like to implement in order to gain competitive advantage in their market.Reference List : Ward, . (2005). An Overview of Strategy Development Models and the Ward-Rivani Model . . 1 (1), pg12-16. Gamble, Arthur,. (2009). Superior Strategy Execution – Another path of competitive advantage. In: Griffin, L. Essential of Strategic Management. America, New York: McGraw-Hill. pg116-136. Synder, Neil H.. (1982). Research Notes and Communications.. Strategic Management Journa. 3 (3), p265-267. Whittington, Richard (2002). What is Strategy- and Does it Matter?. UK: Thomson Learning. pg29-57.

Evil And The Existence Of God - 1147 Words

This essay is based on how the problem of evil attacks head on into the existence of god who is all good, all powerful and all knowing. The problem of evil is a wide area that can t be outrun easily. The concept of evil has been problematic to many philosophers. When speaking about evil, we all have the idea that is the absence of good. For some religious people, Evil has been described as a supernatural force, although for others is been described as part of the human nature. Blackburn mainly raise his argument against religion, by addressing his argument of evil against the very existence of God. Blackburn states that if evil exist, why is God not doing anything about it. According to religion, God is all powerful, all good and all†¦show more content†¦why would god create too much evil in order to make us stronger? Many People claim that through suffering, people grow to become a better person, but at what cost? Because if we do the math, we lose too much to evil than what we benefit from it For instance, let s look at the example of this popular fictional character: Bruce Wayne from the Batman series, his story is based on that he lose both of his parents that were brutally murder in front of his very eyes, he sacrifices his own future of happiness in order to protect his city, in which he later became the Batman. As we can see, Bruce Wayne withstood pain to the extend that made him a hero. However, the price he had to paid for becoming a hero was too much. Moreover, no matter how many times he took down his evil enemies, they always find a way to get up, basically the life of this fictional character is mainly suffering. God is suppose to be the one fighting these battles, our supposedly father who is immortal and all powerful. I haven t seen a slightly miracle through the entire history, mainly what I read at my history class in my years of high school were mostly about wars and slavery. In my dictionary, History is synonymous of madness. In what I;m about to say, it may sound uncomfortable for some, but let s imagine for a moment that your country is at war and for some reason you and your family are stuck in your house, and then a military group breaks into your house and kills both og your parents, andShow MoreRelatedThe Existence Of God : Evil1297 Words   |  6 PagesThe Existence of God Throughout the years as the human species keeps learning about the world we live in, we are finding out that we are surrounded everywhere by evil. This seems to conflict with the belief of theism, one who believes in a God or Gods, especially a personal God who’s in control of the world. If there was an all-omnipotent, all-omniscient, and all-benevolent God, then he should have consummate knowledge that there’s evil in the world. Given that, if he knows there’s corruptionRead MoreThe Existence Of God : Evil1293 Words   |  6 Pages The Existence of God Throughout the years as the human species keeps learning about the world we live in, we are finding out that we are surrounded everywhere by evil. This seems to conflict with the belief of theism, one who believes in a God or Gods, especially a personal God who’s in control of the world. If there was an all-omnipotent, all-omniscient, and all-benevolent God, then he should have consummate knowledge that there’s evil in the world. Given that, if heRead MoreThe Problem Of Evil And The Existence Of God1636 Words   |  7 PagesThe Problem of Evil is one of the most influential and common arguments in modern philosophy against the existence of a Greater Being, God (Trakakis, 2006). Both Theist, those who believe in the existence of God, and Atheist, those who don’t believe in the existence of God, argue that evil exists in the world. The Problem of Evil explores whether the existence of evil and suffering constitutes significance evidence for atheism. When looking a t the definition of the greater being, most refer to theRead MoreThe Belief Of Evil And The Existence Of God1780 Words   |  8 Pagesof religion is the discussion between theists and skeptics on the existence of God. Atheists say that there is a logical inconsistency between the existence of evil and the existence of God. However, theists believe that the mere existence of evil is not sufficient enough to completely dismiss the possibility of a morally perfect being existing This paper will discuss the logical inconsistencies between God and the â€Å"problem of evil† as well as the theist s response to this argument through the free-willRead MoreThe Existence of God and Evil Essay2232 Words   |  9 PagesThe Existence of God and Evil The problem of evil has been around since the beginning. How could God allow such suffering of his â€Å"chosen people†? God is supposedly all loving (omni-benevolent) and all powerful (omnipotent) and yet He allows His creations to live in a world of danger and pain. Two philosophers this class has discussed pertaining to this problem is B.C. Johnson and John Hick. Johnson provides the theists’ defense of God and he argues them. These include free will, moral urgency,Read MoreWhy God Allowed For The Existence Of Evil1703 Words   |  7 Pagesreasons of why God allowed for the existence of evil, if they are able to examine the logical problem in totality. Without doubt, there are plenty of coherent arguments that can combat the claims steming from the logical problem of evil. Alternatively though, the next objection cannot be addressed in the same fashion. The de jure argument, as known as the plausibility problem, requires a greater emphasis on the emotional consequences, rather than the specific and factual results of evil. The PlausibiltyRead MoreThe Existence Of God And The Battle Between Good And Evil1386 Words   |  6 PagesThe existence of God and the battle between good and evil has been a topic of much discussion for centuries. Through the philosophical scope, there is a â€Å"Problem of Evil† that challenges the existence an all-powerful God if there is evil in the world. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, was a German philosopher who argued about the topic of the problem of evil. Leibniz argued that (1) evil is not necessary; (2) that there is evil in the world because as humans we are restricted in our knowledge since we areRead MoreThe Problem Of Evil Questions God s Existence995 Words   |  4 PagesThe Problem of Evil Questions God’s Existence An argument against the existence of God is based on the presence of evil in the world. This deductively valid argument is divided into two categories; human action and natural evil (Sober, 2005, p. 120). Human action discusses how experiences makes us better people, while natural evil are tragic events that are not under the control of humans. Each category is used as evidence to refute God as an all-powerful omniscient, omnibenevolent, or omnipotentRead MoreThe Problem Of Evil : An Argument Against The Existence Of God1922 Words   |  8 PagesNotes †¢ The problem of evil (the problem of suffering) is an argument against the existence of God †¢ The argument against the existence of God is incompatible with the existence of an all-loving, all-powerful God. Greek Philosopher Epicurus The Epicurean Paradox †¢ Is God willing, but not able to prevent evil? †¢ Answer: Then he is not omnipotent †¢ Is God able but not willing? †¢ Then he is malevolent †¢ Is he both able and willing? †¢ Then whence cometh evil? †¢ Is he neither able nor willingRead MoreDialogue of Good, Evil, and the Existence of God by John Perry1570 Words   |  7 PagesDialogue of Good, Evil, and the Existence of God by John Perry In John Perrys book Dialogue on Good, Evil and the Existence of God, he used three characters in the dialogue in order to clarify the positions of the three characters (Weirob, Miller, and Cohen), the arguments they provide in support their positions and the end state of their discussion. This allows us to examine our understanding of the good, evil and the existence of God. Perry shows a clear position of Weirob